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    I don't agree with the author because I don't think there are only 2 categories. I think there is something in between. People have different ideas. there are more than yes or no. Some people may agree with a part of the idea, but not totally. The author said there are only 2 ideas which are theistic which believe in god, freewill, a soul, meaning, and bliss and naturalistic which was totally different. Naturalistic said there is no god, freewill, soul, meaning, or hope.

   Some people might agree with theistic and some might agree with naturalistic, and some might stay in the middle. Not meaning that they have no belief, but they are not totally agree with any of the idea. Since there is no right and wrong with ideas, people are free to choose what to believe. Some people might say that they believe in some of the theistic idea and some of the naturalistic idea. Still, people use their desire and reason to weight their belief. Believing different things doesn't mean they are wrong. People are different because we have different thinking and come from different culture. Also, we experience different things, so it is reasonable to have more than just a "yes" or "no". (:

Materialism- Ramachandran

Materialism is a theory that said everything is physical(matter). Everything is a material object with no minds, souls, or spirit. The brain chemistry argument has the same idea with materialism since it said our brain is just an electrochemical system with no mind or soul. Ramachandran talked about Capgras syndrome, Phantom limb pain and Synesthesia and stated it as an example of the brain chemistry argument.

First he talked about Capgras syndrome, the person's brain was injured and they couldn't recognize people's faces, but they could recognize their voices. This support the brain chemistry argument. The reason why the person was not able to recognize people's faces was because part of the brain was injured. The chemical in the person's brain effected the memory and casue us to forget people's faces.

Phantom limb pain was about a person who faced a limb pain and was cured by looking at the mirror box to tricked the person's brain. The person's pain is removed by believing that the phantom is real and it is moving. This support the brain chemistry argument because it shows us that our pain can be removed from the brain being fooled.

Synesthesia showed us that people related number with color. Even just words like booba and kiki can cause us to think of  shapes. This support the brain chemistry argument because we recognize things just by the chemical reaction in our brain. It can relate a shape with a sound or a color.

The Truman Show Free Will

http://goanimate.com/movie/0Km9PWhh_AUU?utm_source=linkshare&uid=0f84W18cK-nM

It's a conversation between hippo and giraffe talking about The Truman Show and free will ((:

Agency Theory

Milgram Experiment

From Milgram's experiment, we can see that according to agency theory, a person who controled the shocking device has a freewill. Agency theory said that a free act is an act caused by an agent. The person who control the device was told to continue to shock another person in another room when the person answered wrong, and increase the voltage in every wrong answer. The person who controled the device was an agent according to agency theory. He could say that he did that because he was told to do, but actually he had a choice to do it or not. The one who command him was not actually involved, so it was his free will to do unethical thing.

Libertarian Cartoon

http://www.makebeliefscomix.com/Comix/?comix_id=20354291C539799

Utilitarian and Cost-Benefit Analysis

     Different people would have different opinion on pleasure and pain. For Utilitarianism, I think they would say coming to school is good for you since it gives you a long-term benefit. You maybe suffer from finishing work on time and studying for quizes, tests, and exams, but at the end, you can go to a good university and get a good decent job. For the long-term happiness, I think Utilitarian would say it is worth it to come to school. You may encounter pain and tiredness, but in a long term, it benefits you.

     Utilitarianism would say that everything can be given value. They would calculate the exact cost for our tangible and intangible cost to compare the value pleasure and pain. For example, to see if you should come to school or not, utilitarian would have to value every costs (even friendship, tiredness, energy,etc) to be able to get the accurate answer. Still, everyone value things differently since we all have different interests, so it might be a disagreement in utilitarian.